Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja

Direct PhD Student

Dept. of CS & IE, YunTech

Yunlin, Taiwan

I am Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, a Machine Learning Researcher at the National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), Taiwan, advised by Prof. Chuan-Yu Chang and mentored by Prof. Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja.

I am a Direct PhD student, having transitioned from the Master’s program in September 2025. I hold a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from SEECS, NUST, Islamabad, where I was advised by Prof. Faisal Shafait and Prof. Adnan Ul-Hasan, and affiliated with the TUKL-DLL Lab, NCAI.

My research develops intelligent neural surrogates, primarily data-driven autoregressive neural emulators, for fractional-order nonlinear dynamical systems. My thesis focuses on designing intelligent neural surrogate networks for nonlinear dynamical reconstruction of neuronal systems. I also work on fractional-calculus-inspired deep learning optimization algorithms for accelerated large language model training.

I have authored 30 publications across 24 WoS Core Collection indexed journals, including Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Water Research, IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. I am a member of the Phi Tau Phi Scholastic Honor Society (top 2% of graduate master’s students).

Research Interests

Fractional-order accelerated gradient descent algorithms with applications in computer vision (biomedical) and recommender systems
Fractional-calculus-inspired quasi and pseudo-fractional optimization algorithms for large language model training
Physics-informed neural networks
Intelligent computing frameworks for fractional-order differential systems, including:
- Neuronal dynamics and chaotic attractors (Hindmarsh-Rose, FitzHugh-Nagumo, Rabinovich-Fabrikant)
- Ecological and environmental systems (plankton dynamics)
- Malware propagation in cyber-physical and SCADA systems
- Computational fluid dynamics
Edge and embedded AI

news

May 28, 2026	Crossed the 200+ citation milestone on Google Scholar – huge thanks to every collaborator and reader along the way!
May 11, 2026	Paper on fractional delay differential malware propagation in Industrial IoT systems accepted at Chaos, Solitons and Fractals – the first intelligent neural surrogate for this class of models.
Mar 17, 2026	Congratulations to Shahzaib Ahmed Hassan on the acceptance of his paper on intelligent neural surrogates for the Lorenz-Lu-Chen system in the International Journal of Computer Mathematics.
Mar 05, 2026	Congratulations to Shehzada Taimur, Shahzaib Ahmed Hassan, and Sannan Zia Abbasi on the acceptance of their paper in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals – hybrid neural-computational paradigm for fractional-order locally active memristive neuronal models.
Oct 14, 2025	New paper published in Water Research (2026) – neuro-computational surrogates for aqueous fractional-order nekton-plankton spatiotemporal dynamics. Our second publication in this journal. Congratulations to Adil Sultan.
Sep 30, 2025	Paper accepted at Nonlinear Dynamics – stochastic backpropagative ARX neuroarchitectures for fractional-order Rabinovich-Fabrikant chaotic attractors. Congratulations to Shahzaib Ahmed Hassan and Syed Zoraiz Ali Sherazi.
Sep 14, 2025	Published in IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics – stochastic-deterministic modeling of immune responses and tumor evolution.
Aug 31, 2025	Selected for Direct PhD program (Masters to PhD) at National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.

selected publications

Chaos Solit.
A Novel Design of Time Delay Fractional Nonlinear SIHQR Worm Transmission Model for Industrial IoT Networks: Machine Learning Knowledge Driven Neuroarchitecture Analysis

Kiran Asma, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Chi-Min Shu, Muhammad Ali Kiani, and Muhammad Shoaib

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2026

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Time delay fractional nonlinear SIHQR worm transmission model for Industrial IoT networks, analyzed via a machine-learning knowledge driven neuroarchitecture – the first intelligent neural surrogate for a fractional delay differential malware-propagation model in this domain.
@article{asma2026iiot_sihqr, title = {A Novel Design of Time Delay Fractional Nonlinear SIHQR Worm Transmission Model for Industrial IoT Networks: Machine Learning Knowledge Driven Neuroarchitecture Analysis}, author = {Asma, Kiran and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor and Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Shu, Chi-Min and Kiani, Muhammad Ali and Shoaib, Muhammad}, journal = {Chaos, Solitons \& Fractals}, year = {2026}, volume = {209}, pages = {118400}, doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2026.118400}, }
Chaos Solit.
A Hybrid Intelligent Computational Framework for Diverse Firing Patterns in a Fractional-Order Locally Active Memristive Neuron Model

Shehzada Taimur, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Shahzaib Ahmed Hassan, Sannan Zia Abbasi, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Muhammad Shoaib, and Chi-Min Shu

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2026

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Hybrid intelligent computational framework – coupling fractional-order numerical solvers with autoregressive exogenous neural surrogates – for capturing diverse firing patterns and excitability transitions in a fractional-order locally active memristive neuron model.
@article{taimur2026memristive, title = {A Hybrid Intelligent Computational Framework for Diverse Firing Patterns in a Fractional-Order Locally Active Memristive Neuron Model}, author = {Taimur, Shehzada and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor and Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Hassan, Shahzaib Ahmed and Abbasi, Sannan Zia and Kiani, Adiqa Kausar and Shoaib, Muhammad and Shu, Chi-Min}, journal = {Chaos, Solitons \& Fractals}, year = {2026}, volume = {208}, pages = {118209}, doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2026.118209}, }
Water Res.
Neuro-Computational Surrogates for Aqueous Fractional-Order Nekton-Plankton Spatiotemporal Dynamics Under Toxicant Stress, Refuge Efficacy, and Nutrient Flux Modulation

Adil Sultan, Chuan-Yu Chang, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Muhammad Shoaib, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

Water Research, 2026

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In aquatic ecosystems, the triadic relationship among phytoplankton, zooplankton, and their piscine predators constitutes a delicately balanced ecological continuum where nutrient cycling, toxin transfer, and spatial refugia collectively dictate population persistence. In this paper, the fractional-order dynamics of Nekton-Plankton Coupled systems are analyzed using intelligent computing driven autoregressive exogenous artificial neural networks trained by a hybrid second-order Bayesian Regularized Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm, achieving remarkably low errors in the ranges of 10-04 to 10-12.
@article{sultan2026nekton, title = {Neuro-Computational Surrogates for Aqueous Fractional-Order Nekton-Plankton Spatiotemporal Dynamics Under Toxicant Stress, Refuge Efficacy, and Nutrient Flux Modulation}, author = {Sultan, Adil and Chang, Chuan-Yu and Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Kiani, Adiqa Kausar and Shoaib, Muhammad and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor}, journal = {Water Research}, year = {2026}, volume = {289}, number = {A}, doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.124754}, }
IEEE TCBB
Stochastic-Deterministic Modeling of Immune Responses and Tumor Evolution Under Therapeutic Influence: Intelligent Predictive Supervised Exogenous Networks

Hassan Raza, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Rikza Mubeen, Zaheer Masood, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 2025

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The incredible synergy between monoclonal antibodies and interferons in cancer chemotherapy signifies a stride forward in our battle against this inexorable disease. This study develops a precise and reliable application of numerical as well as artificial intelligence-based treatment methodology via predictive supervised exogenous networks for calculable understanding of the movement of the immune response to treatment such as timing, dosing and forecasting therapy retorts. The framework demonstrates impressive performance and accuracy, achieving a mean square error between 10-11 and 10-8 through iterative refinement.
@article{raza2025ieee_tumor, title = {Stochastic-Deterministic Modeling of Immune Responses and Tumor Evolution Under Therapeutic Influence: Intelligent Predictive Supervised Exogenous Networks}, author = {Raza, Hassan and Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Mubeen, Rikza and Masood, Zaheer and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics}, year = {2025}, volume = {22}, number = {6}, pages = {2764--2773}, doi = {10.1109/TCBBIO.2025.3604337}, }

Nonlinear Dyn.

Design of Stochastic Backpropagative Autoregressive Exogenous Neuroarchitectures for Predictive Analysis of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Rabinovich-Fabrikant Chaotic Attractors

Shahzaib Ahmed Hassan, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Syed Zoraiz Ali Sherazi, Chuan-Yu Chang, Chi-Min Shu, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Zeshan Aslam Khan, Muhammad Shoaib, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

Nonlinear Dynamics, 2025

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@article{hassan2025rabinovich,
  title = {Design of Stochastic Backpropagative Autoregressive Exogenous Neuroarchitectures for Predictive Analysis of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Rabinovich-Fabrikant Chaotic Attractors},
  author = {Hassan, Shahzaib Ahmed and Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Sherazi, Syed Zoraiz Ali and Chang, Chuan-Yu and Shu, Chi-Min and Kiani, Adiqa Kausar and Khan, Zeshan Aslam and Shoaib, Muhammad and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor},
  journal = {Nonlinear Dynamics},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {113},
  number = {25},
  pages = {34451--34483},
  doi = {10.1007/s11071-025-11827-4},
}

Chaos Solit.
A Hybrid Neural-Computational Paradigm for Complex Firing Patterns and Excitability Transitions in Fractional Hindmarsh-Rose Neuronal Models

Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Shahzaib Ahmed Hassan, Chuan-Yu Chang, Chi-Min Shu, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Muhammad Shoaib, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2025

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This study presents a hybrid neural-computational paradigm for analyzing complex firing patterns and excitability transitions in fractional Hindmarsh-Rose neuronal models.
@article{raja2025hybrid, title = {A Hybrid Neural-Computational Paradigm for Complex Firing Patterns and Excitability Transitions in Fractional Hindmarsh-Rose Neuronal Models}, author = {Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Hassan, Shahzaib Ahmed and Chang, Chuan-Yu and Shu, Chi-Min and Kiani, Adiqa Kausar and Shoaib, Muhammad and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor}, journal = {Chaos, Solitons \& Fractals}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116149}, }
Appl. Soft Comput.
Design of Deep Learning Networks for Nonlinear Delay Differential System for Stuxnet Virus Spread in an Air-Gapped Critical Environment

Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Zaheer Masood, Ijaz Hussain, Aneela Zameer, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

Applied Soft Computing, 2025

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A deep learning framework for modeling nonlinear delay differential systems analyzing Stuxnet virus propagation in air-gapped critical infrastructure.
@article{raja2025stuxnet, title = {Design of Deep Learning Networks for Nonlinear Delay Differential System for Stuxnet Virus Spread in an Air-Gapped Critical Environment}, author = {Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Masood, Zaheer and Hussain, Ijaz and Zameer, Aneela and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor}, journal = {Applied Soft Computing}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.1016/j.asoc.2025.113091}, }
Eng. Appl. AI
Bayesian-Regularized Cascaded Neural Networks for Fractional Asymmetric Carbon-Thermal Nutrient-Plankton Dynamics Under Global Warming and Climatic Perturbations

Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Adil Sultan, Chuan-Yu Chang, Chi-Min Shu, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2025

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Bayesian-regularized cascaded neural networks for studying fractional asymmetric carbon-thermal nutrient-plankton dynamics under global warming scenarios.
@article{raja2025bayesian, title = {Bayesian-Regularized Cascaded Neural Networks for Fractional Asymmetric Carbon-Thermal Nutrient-Plankton Dynamics Under Global Warming and Climatic Perturbations}, author = {Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Sultan, Adil and Chang, Chuan-Yu and Shu, Chi-Min and Kiani, Adiqa Kausar and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor}, journal = {Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.1016/j.engappai.2025.110739}, }
Water Res.
Design of a Fractional-Order Environmental Toxin-Plankton System in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Novel Machine Predictive Expedition with Nonlinear Autoregressive Neuroarchitectures

Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Adil Sultan, Chuan-Yu Chang, Chi-Min Shu, Muhammad Shoaib, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

Water Research, 2025

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In this study, nonlinear autoregressive exogenous neural network coupled with Levenberg-Marquardt is efficaciously selected to model the fractional-order toxin-plankton system asserting the phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics in aquatic environments under the influence of environmental toxins. The fractional differential ecological system incorporates density population of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and environmental toxins exacted by fractional Adams multistep predictor-corrector method. Rigorous analysis on single-step and multistep ahead predictors with error of order 10-5 further highlights the efficacy of the employed neurocomputing design.
@article{raja2025toxin, title = {Design of a Fractional-Order Environmental Toxin-Plankton System in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Novel Machine Predictive Expedition with Nonlinear Autoregressive Neuroarchitectures}, author = {Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Sultan, Adil and Chang, Chuan-Yu and Shu, Chi-Min and Shoaib, Muhammad and Kiani, Adiqa Kausar and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor}, journal = {Water Research}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.123640}, }

Biomed. Signal

Design of Intelligent Bayesian-Regularized Deep Cascaded NARX Neurostructure for Predictive Analysis of FitzHugh-Nagumo Bioelectrical Model in Neuronal Cell Membrane

Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif Raja, Shahzaib Ahmed Hassan, Chuan-Yu Chang, Chi-Min Shu, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Muhammad Shoaib, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja

Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 2025

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@article{raja2025fitzhugh,
  title = {Design of Intelligent Bayesian-Regularized Deep Cascaded NARX Neurostructure for Predictive Analysis of FitzHugh-Nagumo Bioelectrical Model in Neuronal Cell Membrane},
  author = {Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Asif and Hassan, Shahzaib Ahmed and Chang, Chuan-Yu and Shu, Chi-Min and Kiani, Adiqa Kausar and Shoaib, Muhammad and Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor},
  journal = {Biomedical Signal Processing and Control},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1016/j.bspc.2024.107192},
}